Hey guys ! Today image is about a cell okay lets see ; Disclimer : These all images and notes are all made by me ! Cell Introduction The cell You have seen that buildings are made of bricks. Similarly, the bodies of living organisms are made of tiny units cells. Cells can be seen only under the microscope. some organisms are made of only one cell. The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary ,called the cell membrane . Most cell have a distinct, centrally located spherical structure called the nucleus . The Nucleus is surrounded by a jelly-like substance called cytoplasm . Note ( Main points) (1) Living organisms are made of tiny units cells. (2)The cell is enclosed by a thin outer boundary ,called the cell membrane . (3)Centr...
ENVIRONMENT
after the long vacation, when Ravi started going to school again, he noticed that the only playground next to his school was dug up. People said that a huge building with many flats will be constructed there . Ravi was almost in tears, when he released that the big playground with its soft grass, marigolds and butterflies is gone for ever. He shared his feelings with his classmates. in the assembly , the principal too sadly observed, ''See how our environment is changing.''
In the class Ravi asked his teacher , ''What is environment?'' ''Whatever you see in your surrounding ,'' said the teacher.
Ravi thought aloud, ''That means, the school building,tables,chairs n the classroom, even that open field, the road, the garbage, my friends - all are part of our Environment ''!
''YES'' said the teacher, ''but wait ........ Some object are created by nature - for example, mountain,rivers,trees,animals. Other are made by people - for example roads,car,clothes,books''.
Now work in pairs. Make a list with your classmate sitting next you, of the creation of nature and by human beings.
Ravi, Paramjeet,Jessy,Mustafa,Asha were all excited about making the list. ''Why is our Environment changing?''Asked Iqbal. ''it's all because of our needs. They are increasing day we are therefore modifying and all times even destroying our natural surroundings'', the teacher replied.
AIR
( ATMOSPHERE)
LAND WATER PARK
(LITHOSPHERE) ( HYDROSPHERE ) BUILDINGS BRIDGES
NATURAL HUMAN MADE
LIVING THINGS ROADS INDUSTRIES
( BIOSPHERE ) MONUMENTS
COMPONENTS
OF
ENVIRONMENT
INDIVIDUAL POLITICAL SITUATION
FAMILY (HUMAN) ECONOMIC
COMMUNITY EDUCATIONAL
RELIGION
Fig 1.2: Domains of the Environment
From the above conversation you understand that the place,people,things and nature that surround any living organism is called environment. it is a combination of natural and human made phenomena. While the natural environment refers to both Biotic and Abiotic conditions existing on the earth,human environment reveals the activities, creations and interactions among human beings.
NATURAL ENVIRONMENT
Land,water,air,plants and animals comprise the natural environment. You are familiar with the meaning of lithosphere,hydrosphere,atmosphere and biosphere from your previous class. Let us learn some more facts about these domains.
Lithosphere is the solid crust or the hard top layer of the earth. It is made up of rocks and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil. It is an irregular surface with various landforms are found over the continents and also on the ocean floors.
Lithosphere is the domain that provides us forests,grasslands for grazing, land for agriculture and human settlements. It is also a source of minerals wealth.
The domain of water is referred to as hydrosphere.It comprises various sources of water bodies like rivers,lakes,seas,oceans,etc....It is essential for all living organisms.
The atmosphere around it. It protects us form the harmful rays and scorching heat of the sun.It consists of a number of gasses, dust and water vapour. The changes in the atmosphere produce changes in the atmosphere produce changes in the weather and climate.
Plant and animal kingdom together make biosphere or the living world. It is a narrow zone of the earth where land,water and air interact with each other to support life.
WHAT IS ECOSYSTEM ?
At an NCC camp that ravi's class was attending, Jessy exclaimed,''What a heavy downpour. It reminds me of my home in Kerala. You should come and see how it pours and pours and pours over the lush green fields and coconut plantations.''
Heera from Jaisalmer exclaimed, ''We get no rains. We see only 'kikar' and sand, as far as the eyes can see. '' "But you also find camels '' , said Ravi.
fig.1.3: A Pond of Ecosystem
Heera says, ''Not just camels. If you visit our desert, you will see snakes, lizards and many insects too.''
and the way people live very from place to place? Are they all related to each other?''
" Oh yes, very much so'',the teacher replied.
All plants, animals and human beings depend on their immediate surroundings. Often they are also interdependent on each other. This relation between the living organisms, as well as the relation between the organisms and their surroundings form an ecosystem.There could be an ecosystem of large rain forest, grassland, desert,mountains,lake,river,ocean and even a small pond.
Do you think the park in which Ravi and his friends played formed an ecosystem?
HUMAN ENVIRONMENT
Human beings interact with the environment and modify it according to their need. Early humans adapted themselves to the natural surrounding. They led a simple life and fulfilled their requirements from the nature around them. With time needs grew and became more varied. Human learn new ways to use and change environment. They learn to grow crops, domesticate animals and lead a settled life. The wheel was invented,surplus food are produced, barter system emerged, trade started and commerce developed. Transportation became faster. Information revolution made communication easier and speedy across the world.
Have you ever thought why you love eating a juicy watermelon in summer and hot roasted peanuts in winter? A perfect balance is necessary between the natural and human environment. Humans must learn to live and human environment and use their environment in a harmonious way.
Nurie, a girls from Mizoram from Ravi's class often talks about the lush green surrounding of her place. Seeing him to visit her home state during the coming vacation. Ravi's teacher asked the students to draw the landscape, houses and activities of the people and places they visit during the holidays.
NOTES
(1) OUR ENVIRONMENT IS DIVIDED BY 3 PARTS .
THREE PARTS IS = NATURAL ex. air,land,water, living things
HUMAN ex. individual,family,community,religion, educational,economic
HUMAN MADE ex. bridge,buildings, roads, parks,monuments,industries
THESE ARE THE COMPONENT OF ENVIRONMENT
(2) ABIOTIC THE WORLD OF NON-LIVING ELEMENTS. EX. LAND
(3) BIOTIC THE WORLD OF LIVING ORGANISMS. EX. PLANTS AND ANIMALS
(4) LITHOSPHERE: LITHOSPHERE is the solid crust of the earth . it made by rock and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil.
(5) ATMOSPHERE: blanket of air which surrounds the earth.
(6) HYDROSPHERE: the domain of water is referred to as hydrosphere.
(7) BIOSPHERE: mixture of atmosphere, hydrosphere,lithosphere.
(8) ECOSYSTEM:it is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material.
(9) BARTER SYSTEM: it is a trade in which goods are exchanged without the use of money.
EXERCISE
1. ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTIONS.
(i) what is an ecosystem?
ans/ Ecosystem is a system formed by the interaction of all living organisms with each other and with the physical and chemical factors of the environment in which they live, all linked by transfer of energy and material.
(ii) What do you mean by natural environment?
ans/ The natural environment is included by THE WORLD OF LIVING ORGANISMS. EX. PLANTS AND ANIMALS THE WORLD OF NON-LIVING ELEMENTS. EX. LAND
(iii) Which are the major components of the environment?
ans/ The environment components of three major components:
NATURAL ex. air,land,water, living things
HUMAN ex. individual,family,community,religion, educational,economic
HUMAN MADE ex. bridge,buildings, roads, parks,monuments,industries
(iv) Give four example of human made environment.
ans/ bridge,buildings, roads, parks
(v)What is lithosphere?
ans/ LITHOSPHERE is the solid crust of the earth . it made by rock and minerals and covered by a thin layer of soil.
(vi) Which are the two major components of biotic environment?
ans/ PLANTS AND ANIMALS are the two major components of biotic environment .
(vii) What is biosphere?
ans/ biosphere is the narrow zone of earth . where land , air, water are interact for supporting of life.
2. tick the correct answer.
(i) Which is not a natural ecosystem?
(a) Desert
(b)Aquarium
(c) forest
(b) Aquarium not a natural ecosystem.
(ii) Which is not a component of human environment?
(a) Land
(b) Religions
(c)community
(a) land is not a component of human environment.
(iii) Which is a human made environment?
(a) mountain
(b)sea
(c)road
(c) road is a human made environment
(iv) which is a threat to environment?
(a) growing plants
(b) growing population
(c) growing crops
(b) growing population is a threat to environment.
3. MATH OF THE FOLLOWING.
(i) Biosphere (a) blanket of air which surround the earth
(ii)Atmosphere (b) domain of water
(iii) Hydrosphere (c) gravitational force of the earth
(iv) Environment (d) our surrounding
(e) narrow zone where land water and air interact
(f) relation between the organisms and their surrounding
ans/
(i) Biosphere (e) narrow zone where land water and air interact
(ii)Atmosphere (a) blanket of air which surround the earth
(iii) Hydrosphere (b) domain of water
(iv) Environment (f) relation between the organisms and their surrounding
4. Give reasons.
(i) Man modifies his environment
ans/ Man modifies his environment according to his needs and also to adapt himself to the natural surrounding e.g: Clearing the forest to grow crops.
(ii) Plants and animals depend on each other
ans/ Plants and animals depend on their immediate surrounding for their survival. plants release oxygen that animals breathe and obsorb carbon dioxide that animals release.
5. imagine an ideal environment where you would love to live. Draw a pitcture of your idial environment?
ans/
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